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Aetolian League
:''For the English football league, see Aetolian League (football).''
The Aetolian League (also transliterated as Aitolian League) was a confederation of tribal communities and cities〔Grainger, 1999〕 in ancient Greece centered on Aetolia in central Greece. It was established, probably during the early Hellenistic era, in opposition to Macedon and the Achaean League. Two annual meetings were held in Thermika and Panaetolika. It occupied Delphi from 290 BC and gained territory steadily until, by the end of the 3rd century BC, it controlled the whole of central Greece outside Attica and Boeotia. At its peak, the league's territory included Locris, Malis, Dolopes, part of Thessaly, Phocis, and Acarnania. In the latter part of its power, certain Greek city-states joined the Aetolian League such as the Ardadian cities of Mantineia, Tegea, Figaleia and Kydonia on Crete.〔Hogan, 2008〕
During the classical period the Aetolians were not highly regarded by other Greeks, who considered them to be semi-barbaric and reckless.〔West, 1902〕 Their League had a complex political and administrative structure, and their armies were easily a match for the other Greek powers. However, during the Hellenistic period, they emerged as a dominant state in central Greece and expanded by the voluntarily annexation of several Greek city-states to the League. However, the Aetolian League had to fight against Macedonia and were driven to an alliance with Rome, which resulted in the final conquest of Greece by the Romans.
==Origins of the League==
It is uncertain when the League of the Aetolians (''Koino ton Aetolon'') was founded. There are suggestions of the year 367 B.C.〔http://omiriki-ereuna.blogspot.gr/p/blog-page_2325.html〕 It has also been suggested that it may have been founded by Epaminondas.〔N. Tod, ''A selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions'', vol. 2, p. 137〕 Grainger believes that it was founded much later – around the time of the rise of Philip II of Macedon. After Philip's victory of Chaeronea (338 BC), Aetolia was granted Naupaktos, which the Aetolians garrisoned – a level of organization that suggests some formal government rather than the loose alliance of earlier times.〔John D. Grainger, The League of the Aetolians, p. 49〕
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